I.  The Human need for world Order:     

         During a ceremony at the Swedish International Peace Research Institute on May 11,1979. The late Earl Mountbatten of Burma said:

         There have been numerous international conferences and negotiations on the subject and we have all nursed dreams of the world at peace but to no avail. Since the end of the Second World War, 34 years ago, we have had war after war.. there are powerful voices around the world who still give credence to the old Roman precept-if you desire peace, prepare for war. This is absolute nuclear nonsense. I repeat, it is a disastrous misconception to believe that by increasing the total uncertainty one increases one's own certainty. It is true after all that science offers us almost unlimited opportunities but it is up to us, the threat to humanity is the work of human beings, it is up to man to save himself from himself.

         In an era of  unprecedented nuclear terror and blackmail, perils of war need no undue emphasis. We are all witnesses to this climate of mounting uncertainty where everyday brings in new anxieties and fears that inexorably turn into harsh reality of total human insecurity. The world has long adjusted to the possibilities of some form of conflict or tension in random spots. But it is now getting ready to adjust itself to nuclear arsenals proliferation and the development of laser and particle beam weapons that will make even ICB missiles rather obsolete? Has the world accepted as its fate the inevitability of nuclear warfare which will leave no spot on this planet unscathed? Are the nation-states of this world resigned to the eventuality of mutual destruction? Or, are they willing to search for alternatives to this grim yet avoidable scenario of total annihilation? There are no unequivocal or definite answers to these questions. Peace, through theoretically attainable, does not lend itself well to simple conceptualizations. Its link with problems of international justice, fair play, rule of law, and protection of human rights nevertheless is quite obvious. Together, they make the search for peace so rewarding and meaningful. It is not a search in vain.

          Control of the world's limited economic and natural recourses has long been a favorite preoccupation of nation-states. The desire to accumulate and exploit these recourses to the exclusion of other nation-states has historically been a major source of international conflict; propensity to control productive recourses has often led to the exercise of military and political power even in our own times. Military expansionism and colonization motivated by the desire to monopolize recourses has understandably caused widespread injustice and discontent. To the extent that nation-states seek and get legitimacy from religion to carry out such operation, problems of injustice become even more complex and probably longer lasting.

          The formerly colonized nations of the world have only recently begun to understand to extent of hardship and justice caused to them by their colonizers. This recognition has taken many forms. It has been expressed in the world forums in very civilized patterns, but it has gone unnoticed. This deliberate neglect on the part of neo-colonizers has been pushing the oppressed peoples of the third world to radicalism and violent action. Simultaneously, in spite of their mighty military postures, the technologically advanced nations of the world are beginning to realize that their echo-military systems are very vulnerable. So are their moral and political positions.